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-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/ColorfulStamp/mainbin0 -> 37296 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/ColorfulStamp/main.cpp155
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input0.txt25
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input1.txt3
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input2.txt3
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input3.txt3
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output0.txt12
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output1.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output2.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output3.txt1
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/Coprime/mainbin0 -> 53952 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/Coprime/main.cpp162
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Coprime/main_input0.txt13
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Coprime/main_input1.txt3
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Coprime/main_output0.txt6
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Coprime/main_output1.txt1
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/DivideAndConquer/mainbin0 -> 21896 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/DivideAndConquer/main.cpp166
-rw-r--r--codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_input0.txt9
-rw-r--r--codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_output0.txt4
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/MakeArrayGood/mainbin0 -> 22096 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/MakeArrayGood/main.cpp151
-rw-r--r--codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main_input0.txt9
-rw-r--r--codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main_output0.txt16
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/MakeItBeautiful/mainbin0 -> 47960 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/MakeItBeautiful/main.cpp162
-rw-r--r--codeforces/MakeItBeautiful/main_input0.txt9
-rw-r--r--codeforces/MakeItBeautiful/main_output0.txt7
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/MatrixDifferences/mainbin0 -> 37840 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/MatrixDifferences/main.cpp151
-rw-r--r--codeforces/MatrixDifferences/main_input0.txt3
-rw-r--r--codeforces/MatrixDifferences/main_output0.txt5
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/Nirvana/mainbin0 -> 17816 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/Nirvana/main.cpp146
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_input0.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_input1.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_input2.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_input3.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_output0.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_output1.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_output2.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/Nirvana/main_output3.txt1
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/Nirvana/test.py29
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/Stripes/main.cpp12
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/TheDoors/mainbin0 -> 22568 bytes
-rwxr-xr-xcodeforces/TheDoors/main.cpp148
-rw-r--r--codeforces/TheDoors/main_input0.txt2
-rw-r--r--codeforces/TheDoors/main_input1.txt2
-rw-r--r--codeforces/TheDoors/main_output0.txt1
-rw-r--r--codeforces/TheDoors/main_output1.txt1
50 files changed, 1430 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a61c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main
Binary files differ
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main.cpp b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c503b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+#include <regex>
+using namespace std;
+
+using ll = long long;
+using pii = pair<int, int>;
+using vpi = vector<pii>;
+using vi = vector<int>;
+using vll = vector<long long>;
+using mpii = map<int, int>;
+using mpll = map<ll, ll>;
+using db = long double;
+
+#define pb push_back
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define lb lower_bound
+#define ub upper_bound
+#define make_unique(x) sort(all((x))); (x).resize(unique(all((x))) - (x).begin())
+#define ceil(a, b) ((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+const int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;
+const db PI = acos((db)-1);
+const int dx[4]{1, 0, -1, 0};
+const int dy[4]{0, 1, 0, -1};
+
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s);
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p) {
+ os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << vec[i];
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& p : m) {
+ os << p.first << ": " << p.second << ", ";
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& p : m) {
+ os << p.first << ": " << p.second << ", ";
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s) {
+ int i = 0;
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& e : s) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << e;
+ i++;
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s) {
+ int i = 0;
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& e : s) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << e;
+ i++;
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+void print() {
+ cerr << "\n";
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... TS>
+void print(T val, TS... vals) {
+ cerr << val << " ";
+ print(vals...);
+}
+
+
+
+/* stuff you should look for:
+ ---------------------------
+ * special cases (n=1?)
+ * int overflow, array bounds
+ * do smth instead of nothing and stay organized
+ * WRITE STUFF DOWN
+ * DON'T GET STUCK ON ONE APPROACH
+ */
+
+void solve() {
+ int n;
+ cin >> n;
+ string s;
+ cin >> s;
+ vector<string> tokens;
+ char delimiter = 'W';
+ size_t pos = 0;
+ string token;
+ while((pos = s.find(delimiter)) != string::npos) {
+ token = s.substr(0, pos);
+ tokens.pb(token);
+ s.erase(0, pos + 1);
+ }
+ tokens.pb(s);
+ for (auto token : tokens) {
+ int cntR = count(all(token), 'R');
+ int cntB = count(all(token), 'B');
+ if ((cntR != 0 && cntR == token.length()) || (cntB != 0 && cntB == token.length())) {
+ cout << "NO\n";
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+int main () {
+ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
+ cin.tie(NULL);
+ int tt;
+ cin >> tt;
+ while(tt--) {
+ solve();
+ }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input0.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84c62c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+12
+5
+BRBBW
+1
+B
+2
+WB
+2
+RW
+3
+BRB
+3
+RBB
+7
+WWWWWWW
+9
+RBWBWRRBW
+10
+BRBRBRBRRB
+12
+BBBRWWRRRWBR
+10
+BRBRBRBRBW
+5
+RBWBW
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input1.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..929eb17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1
+3
+BRB \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input2.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3657277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1
+4
+RWWW \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input3.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8c461a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_input3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1
+3
+WWWB \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output0.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4afeb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+YES
+NO
+NO
+NO
+YES
+YES
+YES
+NO
+YES
+NO
+YES
+NO
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output1.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2bb323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+YES \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output2.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba28208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+NO \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output3.txt b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba28208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/ColorfulStamp/main_output3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+NO \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/Coprime/main b/codeforces/Coprime/main
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..48c20d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/Coprime/main
Binary files differ
diff --git a/codeforces/Coprime/main.cpp b/codeforces/Coprime/main.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..86cbd75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/Coprime/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+using ll = long long;
+using pii = pair<int, int>;
+using vpi = vector<pii>;
+using vi = vector<int>;
+using vll = vector<long long>;
+using mpii = map<int, int>;
+using mpll = map<ll, ll>;
+using db = long double;
+
+#define pb push_back
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define lb lower_bound
+#define ub upper_bound
+#define make_unique(x) sort(all((x))); (x).resize(unique(all((x))) - (x).begin())
+#define ceil(a, b) ((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+const int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;
+const db PI = acos((db)-1);
+const int dx[4]{1, 0, -1, 0};
+const int dy[4]{0, 1, 0, -1};
+
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s);
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p) {
+ os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << vec[i];
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& p : m) {
+ os << p.first << ": " << p.second << ", ";
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& p : m) {
+ os << p.first << ": " << p.second << ", ";
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s) {
+ int i = 0;
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& e : s) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << e;
+ i++;
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s) {
+ int i = 0;
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& e : s) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << e;
+ i++;
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+void print() {
+ cerr << "\n";
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... TS>
+void print(T val, TS... vals) {
+ cerr << val << " ";
+ print(vals...);
+}
+
+
+
+/* stuff you should look for:
+ ---------------------------
+ * special cases (n=1?)
+ * int overflow, array bounds
+ * do smth instead of nothing and stay organized
+ * WRITE STUFF DOWN
+ * DON'T GET STUCK ON ONE APPROACH
+ */
+
+bool isPrime(int x) {
+ if (x == 2) return true;
+ for (int i = 2; i * i < x; i++) {
+ if (x % i == 0) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+void solve() {
+ int n;
+ cin >> n;
+ vi v(n);
+ unordered_map<int, int> mp;
+ int mx = 0;
+ int mn = INT_MAX;
+ for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ cin >> v[i];
+ mp[v[i]] = max(i + 1, mp[v[i]]);
+ mx = max(mx, v[i]);
+ mn = min(mn, v[i]);
+ }
+ int ans = -1;
+ for (int i = mn; i <= mx; i++) {
+ for (int j = mn; j <= mx; j++) {
+ if (__gcd(i, j) == 1 && (mp[i] != 0 && mp[j] != 0)) {
+ ans = max(ans, mp[i] + mp[j]);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ cout << ans << '\n';
+}
+
+int main () {
+ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
+ cin.tie(NULL);
+ int tt;
+ cin >> tt;
+ while(tt--) {
+ solve();
+ }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/codeforces/Coprime/main_input0.txt b/codeforces/Coprime/main_input0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..148fb06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/Coprime/main_input0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+6
+3
+3 2 1
+7
+1 3 5 2 4 7 7
+5
+1 2 3 4 5
+3
+2 2 4
+6
+5 4 3 15 12 16
+5
+1 2 2 3 6
diff --git a/codeforces/Coprime/main_input1.txt b/codeforces/Coprime/main_input1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d213bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/Coprime/main_input1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1
+3
+2 2 4 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/Coprime/main_output0.txt b/codeforces/Coprime/main_output0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c9fc88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/Coprime/main_output0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+6
+12
+9
+-1
+10
+7
diff --git a/codeforces/Coprime/main_output1.txt b/codeforces/Coprime/main_output1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7d17fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/Coprime/main_output1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-1 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c214a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main
Binary files differ
diff --git a/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main.cpp b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b09f0bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+using ll = long long;
+using pii = pair<int, int>;
+using vpi = vector<pii>;
+using vi = vector<int>;
+using vll = vector<long long>;
+using mpii = map<int, int>;
+using mpll = map<ll, ll>;
+using db = long double;
+
+#define pb push_back
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define lb lower_bound
+#define ub upper_bound
+#define make_unique(x) sort(all((x))); (x).resize(unique(all((x))) - (x).begin())
+#define ceil(a, b) ((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+const int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;
+const db PI = acos((db)-1);
+const int dx[4]{1, 0, -1, 0};
+const int dy[4]{0, 1, 0, -1};
+
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s);
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p) {
+ os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << vec[i];
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& p : m) {
+ os << p.first << ": " << p.second << ", ";
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m) {
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& p : m) {
+ os << p.first << ": " << p.second << ", ";
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s) {
+ int i = 0;
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& e : s) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << e;
+ i++;
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s) {
+ int i = 0;
+ os << "{";
+ for (const auto& e : s) {
+ if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+ os << e;
+ i++;
+ }
+ os << "}";
+ return os;
+}
+
+void print() {
+ cerr << "\n";
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... TS>
+void print(T val, TS... vals) {
+ cerr << val << " ";
+ print(vals...);
+}
+
+
+
+/* stuff you should look for:
+ ---------------------------
+ * special cases (n=1?)
+ * int overflow, array bounds
+ * do smth instead of nothing and stay organized
+ * WRITE STUFF DOWN
+ * DON'T GET STUCK ON ONE APPROACH
+ */
+
+void solve() {
+ int n;
+ cin >> n;
+ vi v(n);
+ int odds = 0;
+ for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ cin >> v[i];
+ odds += v[i] % 2;
+ }
+ int ans = 0;
+ if (odds % 2 == 0) {
+ cout << 0 << '\n';
+ } else {
+ int ev = 1e6 + 1;
+ int od = 1e6 + 1;
+ for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ if (v[i] % 2 == 0) {
+ int cnt = 0;
+ while(v[i] % 2 == 0) {
+ v[i] /= 2;
+ cnt++;
+ }
+ ev = min(ev, cnt);
+ } else {
+ int cnt = 0;
+ while(v[i] % 2 != 0) {
+ v[i] /= 2;
+ cnt++;
+ }
+ od = min(od, cnt);
+ }
+ }
+ cout << min(od, ev) << '\n';
+ }
+
+
+}
+
+int main () {
+ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
+ cin.tie(NULL);
+ int tt;
+ cin >> tt;
+ while(tt--) {
+ solve();
+ }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_input0.txt b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_input0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e97c46c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_input0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+4
+4
+1 1 1 1
+2
+7 4
+3
+1 2 4
+1
+15
diff --git a/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_output0.txt b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_output0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff0434f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/DivideAndConquer/main_output0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+0
+2
+1
+4
diff --git a/codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main b/codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..93bd5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main
Binary files differ
diff --git a/codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main.cpp b/codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b232daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codeforces/MakeArrayGood/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+using ll = long long;
+using pii = pair<int, int>;
+using vpi = vector<pii>;
+using vi = vector<int>;
+using vll = vector<long long>;
+using mpii = map<int, int>;
+using mpll = map<ll, ll>;
+using db = long double;
+
+
+#define pb push_back
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define lb lower_bound
+#define ub upper_bound
+#define make_unique(x) sort(all((x))); (x).resize(unique(all((x))) - (x).begin())
+#define ceil(a, b) ((a) + (b) - 1) / (b))
+
+const int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;
+const db PI = acos((db)-1);
+const int dx[4]{1, 0, -1, 0};
+const int dy[4]{0, 1, 0, -1};
+
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename K, typename V> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map<K, V>& m);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s);
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set<T>& s);
+
+template<typename K, typename V>
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<K, V>& p) {
+ os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";